Abstract: Hypoplastic second primary molar (HSPM) refers to an enamel developmental defect where the enamel of the second primary molar is underdeveloped. This condition results from disruptions during the tooth formation stages, often due to genetic, environmental, or systemic factors. HSPM can manifest as pits, grooves, or areas of missing enamel on the affected tooth, leading to a higher susceptibility to caries, increased sensitivity, and aesthetic concerns.
The etiology of HSPM is multifactorial, involving prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal influences. Prenatal factors include maternal health conditions such as infections or malnutrition during pregnancy. Perinatal factors may involve complications during delivery, while postnatal factors encompass illnesses or malnutrition in early childhood.
Clinically, HSPM presents challenges in maintaining oral hygiene due to the rough enamel surface, which facilitates plaque accumulation. This condition often requires early intervention to prevent secondary complications such as caries and pulpitis. Treatment strategies typically include preventive measures like fluoride application and the use of sealants, as well as restorative procedures if significant structural damage occurs.
Early diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with HSPM. Dental practitioners play a vital role in educating parents about the importance of regular dental visits and appropriate oral hygiene practices to mitigate the adverse effects associated with hypoplastic second primary molars.
Objectives: 1- What is HSPM
2- causes of HSPM
3- prevention program and treatment of HSPM