The loss of teeth, defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), as a disability, entails physical, functional and psychological changes in the patient.
The partial or total loss of dental elements in the mandible and maxilla and the influence of their etiology cause progressive bone resorption and remodeling that becomes important in the medium and long term; the degree of atrophy and the morphology of the residual bone is variable in each case and even in the same individual.
The rate and direction of alveolar bone loss is not similar in the maxilla and mandible. Maxillary-Mandibular resorption patterns have been described by several authors; extensive resorption changes in one maxilla do not necessarily cause resorption in the opposite maxilla; the mandible resorbs at a faster rate than the maxilla.
Knowledge of anatomy and diagnosis with conventional radiological methods and techniques to study in depth the quality and quantity of available bone and the degree of bone atrophy in general are very important aspects to design an exact planning and correctly select not only the surgical techniques to be used but also to select the implants in terms of shape, size and number for later placement
Objectives
The objectives of this presentation are the following: a) Presentation of surgical protocols that allow maximizing the available bone by the patient, namely: AO6, AO4, Trans-sinusal, Zygomatic and Pterigoid implants; b) Reveal surgical techniques that allow enhancing these protocols, in particular: angulated, short, long, narrow implants and palatal approach; c) Correlate these protocols and surgical techniques with the use of new biomimetic surfaces that beneficially alter the topography, hydrophilicity and external coating of dental implants, improving osseointegration in healthy and compromised bones